(Didelphimorphia)

Opossums

Опосумові

Opossums are members of the marsupial order Didelphimorphia endemic to the Americas. The largest order of marsupials in the Western Hemisphere, it comprises 126 species in 18 genera. Opossums originated in South America and entered North America in the Great American Interchange following the connection of North and South America in the late Cenozoic.

As marsupials, female opossums have a reproductive system that includes a bifurcated vagina and a divided uterus; many have a pouch. The average estrous cycle of the Virginia opossum is about 28 days. Opossums do possess a placenta, but it is short-lived, simple in structure, and, unlike that of placental mammals, not fully functional. The young are therefore born at a very early stage, although the gestation period is similar to that of many other small marsupials, at only 12 to 14 days. They give birth to litters of up to 20 young. Once born, the offspring must find their way into the marsupium, if present, to hold on to and nurse from a teat. Baby opossums, like their Australian cousins, are called joeys. Female opossums often give birth to very large numbers of young, most of which fail to attach to a teat, although as many as 13 young can attach, and therefore survive, depending on species. The young are weaned between 70 and 125 days, when they detach from the teat and leave the pouch. The opossum lifespan is unusually short for a mammal of its size, usually only one to two years in the wild and as long as four or more years in captivity. Senescence is rapid. Opossums are moderately sexually dimorphic with males usually being larger, heavier, and having larger canines than females. The largest difference between the opossum and non-marsupial mammals is the bifurcated penis of the male and bifurcated vagina of the female. Opossum spermatozoa exhibit sperm-pairing, forming conjugate pairs in the epididymis. This may ensure that flagella movement can be accurately coordinated for maximal motility. Conjugate pairs dissociate into separate spermatozoa before fertilization.

Behavior

Opossums are usually solitary and nomadic, staying in one area as long as food and water are easily available. Some families will group together in ready-made burrows or even under houses. Though they will temporarily occupy abandoned burrows, they do not dig or put much effort into building their own. As nocturnal animals, they favor dark, secure areas. These areas may be below ground or above.

When threatened or harmed, they will “play possum”, mimicking the appearance and smell of a sick or dead animal. This physiological response is involuntary (like fainting), rather than a conscious act. In the case of baby opossums, however, the brain does not always react this way at the appropriate moment, and therefore they often fail to “play dead” when threatened. When an opossum is “playing possum”, the animal’s lips are drawn back, the teeth are bared, saliva foams around the mouth, the eyes close or half-close, and a foul-smelling fluid is secreted from the anal glands. The stiff, curled form can be prodded, turned over, and even carried away without reaction. The animal will typically regain consciousness after a period of a few minutes to four hours, a process that begins with a slight twitching of the ears.

Some species of opossums have prehensile tails, although dangling by the tail is more common among juveniles. An opossum may also use its tail as a brace and a fifth limb when climbing. The tail is occasionally used as a grip to carry bunches of leaves or bedding materials to the nest. A mother will sometimes carry her young upon her back, where they will cling tightly even when she is climbing or running.

Threatened opossums (especially males) will growl deeply, raising their pitch as the threat becomes more urgent. Males make a clicking “smack” noise out of the side of their mouths as they wander in search of a mate, and females will sometimes repeat the sound in return. When separated or distressed, baby opossums will make a sneezing noise to signal their mother. The mother in return makes a clicking sound and waits for the baby to find her. If threatened, the baby will open its mouth and quietly hiss until the threat is gone.

Diet

Opossums eat insects, rodents, birds, eggs, frogs, plants, fruits and grain. Some species may eat the skeletal remains of rodents and roadkill animals to fulfill their calcium requirements. In captivity, opossums will eat practically anything including dog and cat food, livestock fodder and discarded human food scraps and waste.

Many large opossums (Didelphini) are immune to the venom of rattlesnakes and pit vipers (Crotalinae) and regularly prey upon these snakes. This adaptation seems to be unique to the Didelphini, as their closest relative, the brown four-eyed opossum, is not immune to snake venom. Similar adaptations are seen in other small predatory mammals such as mongooses and hedgehogs.

Habitat

Opossums are found in North, Central, and South America. The Virginia opossum lives in regions as far north as Canada and as far south as Central America, while other types of opossums only inhabit countries south of the United States. The Virginia opossum can often be found in wooded areas, though its habitat may vary widely. Opossums are generally found in areas like forests, shrubland, mangrove swamps, rainforests and eucalyptus forests. Opossums have been found moving northward.

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didelphis marsupialis

(Didelphis marsupialis)

Common Opossum

Опосум звичайний

Head-body length: 36–53 cm.
Tail length: 25–33 cm.
Weight: 1.6–5.7 kg.

It lives from the north-eastern Mexico to Bolivia (reaching the coast of the South Pacific Ocean to the central coast of Peru), including Trinidad and Tobago and the Windwards in the Caribbean.

Didelphis Virginiana

(Didelphis virginiana)

Virginia Opossum

Опосум віргінський

Head-body length: 33–55 cm.
Tail length: 25–54 cm.
Weight: 1.9–2.8 kg.

Is found from southern Canada to northern Costa Rica (making it the northernmost marsupial in the world).

(Didelphis aurita)

Big-eared Opossum

Опосум вухатий

Head-body length: 31–39 cm.
Tail length: 30–41 cm.
Weight: 0.6–1.2 kg.

Native to South America. It is found in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay.

didelphis albiventris

(Didelphis albiventris)

White-eared Opossum

Опосум біловухий

Head-body length: 30–44 cm.
Tail length: 29–45 cm.
Weight: 0.5–2.5 kg.

It inhabits open areas, mountains, and deciduous forests and are commonly found in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia, Brazil, the Andes, and humid forests of Guyana, Suriname, and southern Venezuela.

didelphis imperfecta

(Didelphis imperfecta)

Guianan White-eared Opossum

Гвіанський біловухий опосум

Head-body length: 32–39 cm.
Tail length: 30–41 cm.
Weight: 0.6–1.2 kg.

Native to South America.  It is found in Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.

didelphis pernigra

(Didelphis pernigra)

Andean White-eared Opossum

Андський біловухий опосум

Head-body length: 34–44 cm.
Tail length: 32–41 cm.

Native to South America. It is found in the Andes Mountains, ranging from Venezuela to Bolivia.

chacodelphys formosa

(Chacodelphys formosa)

Chacoan Pygmy Opossum

Чакський карликовий опосум

Head-body length: approx. 6.8 cm.
Tail length: approx. 5.5 cm.
Weight: approx. 10 g.

It is endemic to a small region in the Chaco of Formosa Province, northern Argentina.

hyladelphys kalinowskii

(Hyladelphys kalinowskii)

Kalinowski's Mouse Opossum

Опосум Каліновського

Head-body length: 7.5–9.5 cm.
Tail length: 10.2–11.7 cm.
Weight: 59–81 g.

It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests at elevations up to 1,000 m.

chironectes minimus

(Chironectes minimus)

Water Opossum

Водяний опосум

Head-body length: 27–32.5 cm.
Tail length: 36–40 cm.
Weight: 510–790 g.

This semi-aquatic creature is found in and near freshwater streams and lakes from Mexico through Central and South America to Argentina.

cryptonanus agricolai

(Cryptonanus agricolai)

Agricola's Gracile Opossum

Опосум Агріколи

Head-body length: 7.4–9.5 cm.
Tail length: 9–11.4 cm.
Weight: approx. 18 g.

Endemic to eastern Brazil. Its habitat is the caatinga and cerrado.

cryptonanus chacoensis

(Cryptonanus chacoensis)

Chacoan Gracile Opossum

Чакський граціозний опосум

Head-body length: 7–11.4 cm.
Tail length: 9.5–13.6 cm.
Weight: 10–19 g.

It is native to Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Its habitat is seasonally flooded grasslands and forests in and near the Gran Chaco.

The genus (Cryptonanus) also includes: Guahiba Gracile Opossum (Cryptonanus guahybae), Unduavi Gracile Opossum (Cryptonanus unduaviensis).

gracilinanus aceramarcae

(Gracilinanus aceramarcae)

Aceramarca Gracile Opossum

Ацерамарський граціозний опосум

Head-body length: 8.3–10.3 cm.
Tail length: 11.2–14.5 cm.
Weight: 18.5–23 g.

It is native to Bolivia and Peru, where it occurs in tropical elfin forest habitat.

gracilinanus peruanus

(Gracilinanus peruanus)

Peruvian opossum

Перуанський опосум

Head-body length: 8.5–12.1 cm.
Tail length: 13–15.5 cm.
Weight: 10–49 g.

It is found only in eastern Peru, central and northern Bolivia, and west-central Brazil.

gracilinanus emilae

(Gracilinanus emiliae)

Emilia's Gracile Opossum

Граціозний опосум Емілії

Head-body length: 7.2–8.7 cm.
Tail length: 12.8–15.1 cm.
Weight: 10–14 g.

It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Suriname.

gracilinanus microtarsus

(Gracilinanus microtarsus)

Brazilian Gracile Opossum

Бразильський граціозний опосум

Head-body length: 6.7–18.5 cm.
Tail length: 7–17.7 cm.
Weight: 12–58 g.

Is found only in Brazil, being endemic to the south-eastern parts of the country, from Espirito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul.

gracilinanus agilis

(Gracilinanus agilis)

Agile Gracile Opossum

Спритний граціозний опосум

Head-body length: 8–12 cm.
Tail length: 10.1–15.8 cm.
Weight: 12–41 g.

It is native to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Found in evergreen and gallery forests.

The genus (Gracilinanus) also includes: Wood Sprite Gracile Opossum (Gracilinanus dryas), Northern Gracile Opossum (Gracilinanus marica).

lestodelphys halli

(Lestodelphys halli)

Patagonian Opossum

Патагонський опосум

Head-body length: 12.3–14.4 cm.
Tail length: 7.4–9.9 cm.
Weight: 60–100 g.

It is found only in southern Argentina. There are two areas in the Patagonian steppe where these animals are often found: the province of La Pampa and Choele Choel (northern Rio Negro Province).

lutreolina crassicaudata

(Lutreolina crassicaudata)

Lutrine Opossum

Товстохвостий опосум

Head-body length: 24–40 cm.
Tail length: 24–36 cm.
Weight: 200–910 g.

It is distributed in Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, Colombia and Guyana. It generally lives near water and is active at night, dawn or dusk.

lutreolina massoia

(Lutreolina massoia)

Massoia's Lutrine Opossum

Опосум Массої

Head-body length: 18.8–24 cm.
Tail length: 21–26 cm.
Weight: approx. 284 g.

It ranges from south-central Bolivia south to northern Argentina, where it is restricted to the Yungas region just east of the Andes. It has being found primarily in lowland savanna grasslands.

marmosa mexicana

(Marmosa mexicana)

Mexican Mouse Opossum

Мексиканський мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 9.4–16.8 cm.
Tail length: 13–23 cm.
Weight: 24–49 g.

It is found in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, eastern Mexico as far north as Tamaulipas, Nicaragua, and western Panama at elevations from sea level up to 3000 m; most commonly, it is found below 1800 m.

marmosa murina

(Marmosa murina)

Linnaeus's Mouse Opossum

Мишачий опосум Ліннея

Head-body length: 9.1–24 cm.
Tail length: 13.9–28 cm.
Weight: 19–100 g.

Its range includes Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and eastern Bolivia.

marmosa lepida

(Marmosa lepida)

Rufous Mouse Opossum

Рудий мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 9.7–12 cm.
Tail length: 14–15.9 cm.
Weight: 10–18 g.

It has been found in Bolivia, French Guinea, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Suriname in lowland tropical rainforest at altitudes from 100 to 1,000 m.

marmosa rubra

(Marmosa rubra)

Red Mouse Opossum

Червоний мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 12.8–20 cm.
Tail length: 18.3–22 cm.
Weight: 59–81 g.

Its range includes eastern Ecuador and Peru.

marmosa xerophila

(Marmosa xerophila)

Guajira Mouse Opossum

Гуахірський мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 10.1–15.9 cm.
Tail length: 13–18.1 cm.
Weight: 29–87 g.

It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.

marmosa robinsoni

(Marmosa robinsoni)

Robinson's Mouse Opossum

Мишачий опосум Робінсона

Head-body length: 8.3–22 cm.
Tail length: 10.1–22 cm.
Weight: 16–110 g.

It is found in Belize, Colombia, Ecuador, Grenada, Honduras, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.

marmosa isthmica

(Marmosa isthmica)

Isthmian Mouse Opossum

Істмійський мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 10.5–20 cm.
Tail length: 15–25 cm.
Weight: 40–164 g.

It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.

marmosa zeledoni

(Marmosa zeledoni)

Zeledon's Mouse Opossum

Мишачий опосум Селедона

Head-body length: 11.9–16.2 cm.
Tail length: 14.5–21 cm.
Weight: 28–100 g.

It is found in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and western Colombia (Nariño, Valle del Cauca).

marmosa macrotarsus

(Marmosa macrotarsus)

Quechuan Mouse Opossum

Кечуанський мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 10.4–13.6 cm.
Tail length: 14.8–21 cm.
Weight: 23–51 g.

It was known from only two areas of montane forest on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Peru, at altitudes from 300 to 2700 m.

marmosa waterhousei

(Marmosa waterhousei)

Waterhouse's Mouse Opossum

Мишачий опосум Ватерхауса

Head-body length: 12.2–14.9 cm.
Tail length: 17.2–22.3 cm.
Weight: 49–66 g.

It is found in the regions of eastern Ecuador, southeastern Colombia, northeastern Peru, and sporadically around northern Colombia and western Venezuela. It prefers moist lowland or mountainous tropical forest at altitudes of about 50–1100 m.

marmosa alstoni

(Marmosa alstoni)

Alston's Mouse Opossum

Мишачий опосум Олстона

Head-body length: 18–19.5 cm.
Tail length: 24–27 cm.
Weight: 100–155 g.

It is arboreal and nocturnal, inhabiting forests from Belize to northern Colombia.

marmosa constantiae

(Marmosa constantiae)

White-bellied Woolly Mouse Opossum

Білочеревий шерстистий мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 11–18 cm.
Tail length: 15–23 cm.
Weight: 34–144 g.

It is found across northern Bolivia, in the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, and in northern Argentina as far south as Tucumán Province. Across this region, it inhabits moist tropical forests, often near the boundary with drier habitats, and has been found from near sea level to montane forests as high as 1,000 m elevation.

marmosa demerarae

(Marmosa demerarae)

North-eastern Woolly Mouse Opossum

Північно-східний шерстистий мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 15.2–21 cm.
Tail length: 19.5–27 cm.
Weight: 62–130 g.

Its range includes central Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, and northern Brazil. It generally lives in tropical, humid forest below 1,200 m elevation.

marmosa paraguayana

(Marmosa paraguayana)

South-eastern Woolly Mouse Opossum

Південно-східний шерстистий мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 12–20 cm.
Tail length: 15–26 cm.
Weight: 56–230 g.

It is native to Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. The species lives in both primary and secondary forest, including forest fragments within grassland.

marmosa phaea

(Marmosa phaea)

Little Woolly Mouse Opossum

Малий шерстистий мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 12.1–17 cm.
Tail length: 15.3–24 cm.
Weight: approx. 63 g.

It is native to the western slopes of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, where it lives at altitudes from sea level to 1,500 m.

marmosa rapposa

(Marmosa rapposa)

Bolivian Woolly Mouse Opossum

Болівійський шерстистий мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 11.8–18.6 cm.
Tail length: 16.2–24 cm.
Weight: 37–132 g.

It is native to southern Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul), Paraguay, and north-western Argentina.

marmosa rutteri

(Marmosa rutteri)

Bare-tailed Woolly Mouse Opossum

Голохвостий шерстистий мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 15.2–21 cm.
Tail length: 21–29 cm.
Weight: 84–180 g.

It is native to southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, Peru, and western Brazil.

marmosa simonsi

(Marmosa simonsi)

Simon's Mouse Opossum

Мишачий опосум Саймонса

Head-body length: 9.8–15.6 cm.
Tail length: 12.1–18.9 cm.
Weight: 24–49 g.

It is found in western Ecuador and north-western Peru.

The genus (Marmosa) also includes: Tyler’s Mouse Opossum (Marmosa tyleriana), Adler’s Mouse Opossum (Marmosa adleri), North-western Woolly Mouse Opossum (Marmosa germana), Jansa’s Woolly Mouse Opossum (Marmosa jansae), Peruvian Woolly Mouse Opossum (Marmosa parda), Anthony’s Woolly Mouse Opossum (Marmosa perplexa), Anderson’s Mouse Opossum (Marmosa andersoni), Nicaraguan Woolly Mouse Opossum (Marmosa nicaraguae).

tlacuatzin canescens

(Tlacuatzin canescens)

Grayish Mouse Opossum

Сірий мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 11–16 cm.
Tail length: 10.5–16.7 cm.
Weight: 30–70 g.

It is native to Mexico, mainly from southern Sonora state, in the north, south to Oaxaca, with populations also found on the Islas Marias and in central Yucatan. It has been reported up to elevations of 2,100 m.

tlacuatzin gaumeri

(Tlacuatzin gaumeri)

Yucatán Gray Mouse Opossum

Юкатанський сірий мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 11–16 cm.
Tail length: 10.5–16.7 cm.
Weight: 30–70 g.

It is native to Mexico, specifically the Yucatan and Campeche regions.

tlacuatzin insularis

(Tlacuatzin insularis)

Tres Marías Pygmy Opossum

Трес-Маріаський сірий мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 11–16 cm.
Tail length: 10.5–16.7 cm.
Weight: 30–70 g.

It is native to Mexico, specifically the Marías Islands in the state of Nayarit.

tlacuatzin balsasensis

(Tlacuatzin balsasensis)

Balsas Mouse Opossum

Бальсаський мишачий опосум

It is native to Mexico, ranging from Jalisco east to Puebla and south to Oaxaca; its eastern and western limits are uncertain.

tlacuatzin sinaloae

(Tlacuatzin sinaloae)

Northern Gray Mouse Opossum

Північний сірий мишачий опосум

Head-body length: 11–16 cm.
Tail length: 10.5–16.7 cm.
Weight: 30–70 g.

It is native to Mexico, ranging from Sonora to Chiapas east to Zacatecas; its northern and southern limits are uncertain.

marmosops bishopi

(Marmosops bishopi)

Bishop's Slender Opossum

Стрункий опосум Бішопа

Head-body length: 7.9–11.1 cm.
Tail length: 11.6–15 cm.
Weight: 11–31 g.

It is  native to Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia.

marmosops carri

(Marmosops carri)

Carr's Slender Opossum

Стрункий опосум Карра

Head-body length: 12.6–15.5 cm.
Tail length: 15.2–18.3 cm.
Weight: 41–85 g.

It is found in northern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago.

marmosops chucha

(Marmosops chucha)

Cordillera Slender Opossum

Кордильєрський стрункий опосум

Head-body length: 9.9–10.9 cm.
Tail length: 13.4–14.1 cm.
Weight: 25–26 g.

It is native to Colombia, west of the Magdalena River, extending to the northern-west terminus of the Western Andes Range.

marmosops fuscatus

(Marmosops fuscatus)

Dusky Slender Opossum

Темний стрункий опосум

Head-body length: 13.2–14 cm.
Tail length: 14.7–15 cm.
Weight: approx. 69 g.

It is found in Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.

marmosops handleyi

(Marmosops handleyi)

Handley's Slender Opossum

Стрункий опосум Гендлі

Head-body length: 10.4–12.2 cm.
Tail length: 12.9–14.9 cm.
Weight: 21–29 g.

It is native to Colombia, specifically the Central Andes in Antioquia. It has been reported at elevations of 1,400–1,950 m.

marmosops incanus

(Marmosops incanus)

Gray Slender Opossum

Сірий стрункий опосум

Head-body length: 10.4–12.2 cm.
Tail length: 12.9–14.9 cm.
Weight: 21–29 g.

It is endemic to eastern Brazil and has been reported at elevations of up to 800 m.

marmosops juninensis

(Marmosops juninensis)

Junín Slender Opossum

Хунінський стрункий опосум

Head-body length: 10.4–11 cm.
Tail length: 13.3–13.7 cm.
Weight: approx. 27 g.

It is known only from the valley of the Chanchamayu in Peru (a range that includes Junín Region) where it lives in Andean montane forests at elevations of 1,460–2,200 m.

marmosops magdalenae

(Marmosops magdalenae)

Rio Magdalena Slender Opossum

Магдаленський стрункий опосум

Head-body length: 9.9–10.6 cm.
Tail length: 12.5–13.2 cm.
Weight: approx. 24 g.

It is endemic to Colombia, found from east of the Magdalena River to the western slopes of the Western Andes. It occurs at elevations of 100–1,940 m.

marmosops marina

(Marmosops marina)

Silva's Slender Opossum

Стрункий опосум Сілви

Head-body length: 6.4–11.2 cm.
Tail length: 12–16 cm.
Weight: 15–30 g.

It is native to Brazil, found south of the Amazon River and west of the Xingu River.

marmosops noctivagus

(Marmosops noctivagus)

White-bellied Slender Opossum

Білочеревий стрункий опосум

Head-body length: 11.8–16.3 cm.
Tail length: 15.4–20 cm.
Weight: 35–85 g.

It is found in Bolivia, Brazil south of Amazon River, eastern Ecuador and Peru. It occurs at elevations 300–1,500 m.

marmosops ocellatus

(Marmosops ocellatus)

Spectacled Slender Opossum

Очковий стрункий опосум

Head-body length: 10.4–14 cm.
Tail length: 14.6–18.6 cm.
Weight: 23–51 g.

It inhabits Chiquitania dry forest, a transitional zone between the Cerrado savannah and Amazon rainforest in central and eastern Bolivia and western Brazil.

marmosops parvidens

(Marmosops parvidens)

Delicate Slender Opossum

Делікатний стрункий опосум

Head-body length: 9.3–10.7 cm.
Tail length: 14.2–16 cm.
Weight: 21–23 g.

It occurs in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and adjacent Venezuela and Brazil. It is found in moist primary tropical rainforest at elevations up to 2,000 m.

marmosops paulensis

(Marmosops paulensis)

Brazilian Slender Opossum

Бразильський стрункий опосум

Head-body length: 9.8–15.3 cm.
Tail length: 14.5–21 cm.
Weight: 16–70 g.

It is found in moist montane forest in the Atlantic Forest region of southeastern Brazil, including the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná. It occurs at elevations above 800 m.

marmosops pinheiroi

(Marmosops pinheiroi)

Pinheiro's Slender Opossum

Стрункий опосум Пінейро

Head-body length: 9.1–10.5 cm.
Tail length: 12–14.5 cm.
Weight: 17–23 g.

It is found in northern Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and south-eastern Venezuela. It occurs at elevations of 0–500 m.

marmosops caucae

(Marmosops caucae)

Tschudi's Slender Opossum

Стрункий опосум Тшуді

Head-body length: 9.7–15.2 cm.
Tail length: 13.2–20 cm.
Weight: 25–51 g.

It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela.

The genus (Marmosops) also includes: Creighton’s Slender Opossum (Marmosops creightoni), Panama Slender Opossum (Marmosops invictus), Ojasti’s Slender Opossum (Marmosops ojastii), Pantepui Slender Opossum (Marmosops pakaraimae), Soini’s Slender Opossom (Marmosops soinii), Woodall’s Slender Opossum (Marmosops woodalli).

monodelphis adusta

(Monodelphis adusta)

Sepia Short-tailed Opossum

Сепієвий короткохвостий опосум

Head-body length: 8.4–11.4 cm.
Tail length: 5–6.7 cm.
Weight: 15–35 g.

It is found in Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Panama, northern Peru, and south-eastern Venezuela. It is habitat consists of different types of forests at elevations up to 2,200 m.

monodelphis americana

(Monodelphis americana)

Northern Three-striped Opossum

Північний триполосий опосум

Head-body length: 9–13.7 cm.
Tail length: 4–6 cm.
Weight: 23–46 g.

It is endemic to Atlantic Forest ecoregions of coastal Brazil.

monodelphis gardneri

(Monodelphis gardneri)

Gardner's Short-tailed Opposum

Короткохвостий опосум Гарднера

Head-body length: 7.6–10 cm.
Tail length: 3.9–5.3 cm.

It inhabits the montane forests on the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains in Peru.

monodelphis iheringi

(Monodelphis iheringi)

Ihering's Three-striped Opossum

Триполосий опосум Ігерінга

Head-body length: 7.5–10 cm.
Tail length: 5.3–6 cm.
Weight: 15–23 g.

It is found in Brazil, from the coastal Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul.

monodelphis arlindoi

(Monodelphis arlindoi)

Arlindo's Short-tailed Opossum

Короткохвостий опосум Арлінду

Head-body length: 9.5–18.2 cm.
Tail length: 6.5–9.8 cm.
Weight: 33–105 g.

It is found in central and southern Guyana, and in Brazil north of the Amazon River.

monodelphis glirina

(Monodelphis glirina)

Amazonian Red-sided Opossum

Амазонський червонобокий опосум

Head-body length: 11–18 cm.
Tail length: 6.5–10.6 cm.
Weight: 40–150 g.

It is found in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru, where it inhabits the Amazon rainforest.

monodelphis palliolata

(Monodelphis palliolata)

Hooded Red-sided Opossum

Капюшонний червонобокий опосум

Head-body length: 10.2–18.3 cm.
Tail length: 5.5–10.5 cm.
Weight: 32–106 g.

It is found in north-eastern Colombia and north-western Venezuela at altitudes from sea level to 2,250 m.

monodelphis brevicaudata

(Monodelphis brevicaudata)

Northern Red-sided Opossum

Північний червонобокий опосум

Head-body length: 12.8–17 cm.
Tail length: 6.4–9.7 cm.
Weight: 50–127 g.

It is found in Bolivia, Brazil. French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. It occurs at elevations 95–1,080 m.

monodelphis dimidiata

(Monodelphis dimidiata)

Yellow-sided Opossum

Жовтобокий опосум

Head-body length: 8.8–15.4 cm.
Tail length: 3.7–7.6 cm.
Weight: 40–84 g.

It is found in south-eastern Brazil, southern Paraguay, northern and eastern Argentina, and Uruguay.

monodelphis domestica

(Monodelphis domestica)

Gray Short-tailed Opossum

Сірий короткохвостий опосум

Head-body length: 12–18 cm.
Tail length: 5–9 cm.
Weight: 58–95 g.

It is found generally south of the Amazon River, in southern, central, and western Brazil. It is also found in eastern Bolivia, northern Paraguay, and in Formosa Province in northern Argentina.

monodelphis emiliae

(Monodelphis emiliae)

Emilia's Short-tailed Opossum

Короткохвостий опосум Емілії

Head-body length: 9.7–15.8 cm.
Tail length: 4.5–7 cm.
Weight: 20–60 g.

It is found south of the Amazon River from eastern Peru, through Bolivia, to central Brazil.

monodelphis kunsi

(Monodelphis kunsi)

Pygmy Short-tailed Opossum

Карликовий короткохвостий опосум

Head-body length: 6.2–10.2 cm.
Tail length: 3.6–4.5 cm.
Weight: 7.5–30 g.

It is found in northern Argentina, Bolivia, south-central Brazil, and northern Paraguay. It occurs at elevations of 200–1,700 m.

monodelphis osgoodi

(Monodelphis osgoodi)

Osgood's Short-tailed Opossum

Короткохвостий опосум Осґуда

Head-body length: 9.4–9.6 cm.
Tail length: 6–6.2 cm.
Weight: 16–29 g.

It is found on the eastern slopes of the Andes in western Bolivia and south-eastern Peru. It occurs at elevations of 1,900–3,200 m.

monodelphis pinocchio

(Monodelphis pinocchio)

Long-nosed Short-tailed Opossum

Довгоносий короткохвостий опосум

Head-body length: 8.8–10.3 cm.
Tail length: 5–5.4 cm.

It is found in south-eastern Brazil, in the Atlantic Forest, from Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais to São Paulo.

monodelphis ronaldi

(Monodelphis ronaldi)

Ronald's Opossum

Опосум Рональда

Head-body length: approx. 14 cm.
Tail length: approx. 7.2 cm.
Weight: approx. 70 g.

It is known only from Manú National Park, Peru, where it inhabits the Amazon rainforest.

monodelphis saci

(Monodelphis saci)

Saci Short-tailed Opossum

Короткохвостий опосум Сакі

Head-body length: 9–12 cm.
Tail length: 4–6 cm.
Weight: 16–19 g.

It lives in the lowland rainforests along the south bank of the Brazilian Amazon.

monodelphis scalops

(Monodelphis scalops)

Tawny-headed Opossum

Червоноголовий опосум

Head-body length: 6.3–16.3 cm.
Tail length: 3.7–8.3 cm.
Weight: 23–90 g.

It is found in north-eastern Argentina and south-eastern Brazil, from Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina. It occurs at elevations below 1,080 m.

monodelphis touan

(Monodelphis touan)

Touan Short-tailed Opossum

Head-body length: 11.9–17 cm.
Tail length: 6.5–9.5 cm.
Weight: 40–100 g.

It is found in French Guiana and northern Brazil.

The genus (Monodelphis) also includes: Handley’s Short-tailed Opossum (Monodelphis handleyi), Peruvian Short-tailed Opossum (Monodelphis peruviana), Reig’s Opossum (Monodelphis reigi), Santa Rosa Short-tailed Opossum (Monodelphis sanctaerosae), One-striped Opossum (Monodelphis unistriata), Voss’s Short-tailed Opossum (Monodelphis vossi).

metachirus nudicaudatus

(Metachirus nudicaudatus)

Guianan Brown Four-eyed Opossum

Гаянський бурий чотириокий опосум

Head-body length: 24–30 cm.
Tail length: 30–38 cm.
Weight: 260–480 g.

It is found in various forested habitats in Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northern Brazil.

metachirus myosuros

(Metachirus myosuros)

Common Brown Four-eyed Opossum

Звичайний бурий чотириокий опосум

Head-body length: 22–28 cm.
Tail length: 26–34 cm.
Weight: 248–485 g.

It is found in southern Mexico and from southern Nicaragua to Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina. It occurs at elevations of 0–2,100 m.

philander canus

(Philander canus)

Common Four-eyed Opossum

Звичайний чотириокий опосум

Head-body length: 22–33 cm.
Tail length: 19–33 cm.
Weight: 225–674 g.

It is found in the Eastern Andes of Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela.

philander mcilhennyi

(Philander mcilhennyi)

McIlhenny's Four-eyed Opossum

Чотириокий опосум Макілгенні

Head-body length: 29–31 cm.
Tail length: 26–38 cm.
Weight: 396–640 g.

It is found in western Brazil and east-central Peru.

philander melanurus

(Philander melanurus)

Dark Four-eyed Opossum

Темний чотириокий опосум

Head-body length: 20–33 cm.
Tail length: 19.5–33 cm.
Weight: 200–674 g.

It is found in Panama, the Pacific lowlands of Colombia, and eastern Ecuador.

philander opossum

(Philander opossum)

Gray Four-eyed Opossum

Сірий чотириокий опосум

Head-body length: 22–33 cm.
Tail length: 19.5–33.5 cm.
Weight: 200–674 g.

It is found in Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northern Brazil, at altitudes from sea level to 1,600 m.

philander pebas

(Philander pebas)

Pebas Four-eyed Opossum

Пебаський чотириокий опосум

It is known from Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, and Pará), eastern Peru, and eastern Ecuador.

philander quica

(Philander quica)

Southern Four-eyed Opossum

Південний чотириокий опосум

Head-body length: 26–33 cm.
Tail length: 25–33 cm.
Weight: 220–910 g.

It is found in southern Brazil, north-eastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay.

philander vossi

(Philander vossi)

Northern Four-eyed Opossum

Північний чотириокий опосум

Head-body length: 20–33 cm.
Tail length: 19.5–33 cm.
Weight: 220–674 g.

It is found in Belize, El Salvador, and southern Mexico.

philander-andersoni

(Philander andersoni)

Anderson's Four-eyed Opossum

Чотириокий опосум Андерсона

Head-body length: 22–31 cm.
Tail length: 25–33 cm.
Weight: 225–600 g.

It is found in Brazil, south-eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, northern and southern Peru, and south-central Venezuela.

The genus (Philander) also includes: Deltaic Four-eyed Opossum (Philander deltae), Black Four-eyed Opossum (Philander nigratus).

caluromysiops irrupta

(Caluromysiops irrupta)

Black-shouldered Opossum

Чорноплечий опосум

Head-body length: 25–33 cm.
Tail length: 31–34 cm.
Weight: 300–500 g.

It occurs in humid forests of western Brazil and south-eastern Peru, and probably in northern Bolivia.

glironia venusta

(Glironia venusta)

Bushy-tailed Opossum

Пухнастохвостий опосум

Head-body length: 17–21 cm.
Tail length: 19.5–23 cm.
Weight: approx. 130 g.

It is found in northern Bolivia, southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and Brazil (southern Amazonas, Pará, southern Mato Grosso). It occurs at elevations of up to 5,000 m.

caluromys derbianus

(Caluromys derbianus)

Derby's Woolly Opossum

Шерстистий опосум Дербі

Head-body length: 22–30 cm.
Tail length: 38–45 cm.
Weight: 200–400 g.

It is found from southern Mexico to western Ecuador and Colombia, at altitudes ranging from sea level to 2,600 m.

caluromys lanatus

(Caluromys lanatus)

Brown-eared Woolly Opossum

Буровухий шерстистий опосум

Head-body length: 20–32 cm.
Tail length: 33–44 cm.
Weight: 300–520 g.

The range lies to the east of the Andes – from Bolivia, central Colombia, eastern Ecuador, Peru and western and southern Venezuela to northeastern Argentina, western, central and southern Brazil, eastern and southern Paraguay. It occurs at elevations of up to 500 m.

caluromys philander

(Caluromys philander)

Bare-tailed Woolly Opossum

Голохвостий шерстистий опосум

Head-body length: 16–28 cm.
Tail length: 25–41 cm.
Weight: 140–390 g.

It is found from northern Venezuela eastward to northeastern and south-central Brazil, including Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Margarita Island, and Trinidad. It occurs at elevations of 1,200–1,800 m.

thylamys karimii

(Thylamys karimii)

Karimi's Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum

Товстохвостий опосум Карімі

Head-body length: 7.9–12.9 cm.
Tail length: 9–10.6 cm.
Weight: 16–43 g.

It is endemic to central and north-eastern Brazil, where it is found in the cerrado and caatinga at elevations from 300 to 1,100 m.

thylamys elegans

(Thylamys elegans)

Elegant Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum

Head-body length: 9–13.7 cm.
Tail length: 10.5–14.6 cm.

It is endemic to central Chile, found at elevations ranging from sea level to 1,000 m.

thylamys pallidior

(Thylamys pallidior)

White-bellied Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum

Білочеревий товстохвостий опосум

Head-body length: 7.3–10.5 cm.
Tail length: 9–11.8 cm.
Weight: 13–38 g.

It is found in southern Peru and south-western Bolivia, in the northernmost regions of Chile, and along the eastern slopes of the Andes mountains in western and central Argentina. It occurs at elevations of up to 4,500 m.

(Thylamys pulchellus)

Chaco Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum

Чакський товстохвостий опосум

Head-body length: 6.2–9.6 cm.
Tail length: 7.9–10.8 cm.

It is endemic to the Argentine portion of Gran Chaco.

thylamys pusillus

(Thylamys pusillus)

Common Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum

Звичайний товстохвостий опосум

Head-body length: 7–12 cm.
Tail length: 8.5–13.4 cm.
Weight: 11–32 g.

It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay, in chaco and Andean foothill habitats.

thylamys macrurus

(Thylamys macrurus)

Paraguayan Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum

Парагвайський товстохвостий опосум

Head-body length: 10.1–13.5 cm.
Tail length: 13.2–15.4 cm.
Weight: 30–57 g.

It is found in forested areas of southern Brazil and eastern Paraguay.

thylamys venustus

(Thylamys venustus)

Buff-bellied Fat-tailed Mouse Oppossum

Head-body length: 8.4–11 cm.
Tail length: 11.1–13.8 cm.
Weight: 12–26 g.

It is found in the transitional and humid forests of northern Argentina and southern Bolivia. It occurs at elevations of 250–4,000 m.

thylamys citellus

(Thylamys citellus)

Mesopotamian Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum

Месопотамський товстохвостий опосум

Head-body length: 9.9–11.5 cm.
Tail length: 10.2–12.5 cm.
Weight: 55–66 g.

It is found in northeastern Argentina (Entre Ríos and Corrientes, south of the Ibera Wetlands).

thylamys velutinus

(Thylamys velutinus)

Dwarf Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum

Карликовий товстохвостий опосум

Head-body length: 7.9–10 cm.
Tail length: 6.5–9.1 cm.
Weight: 13–36 g.

It is found in south-central and south-eastern Brazil (Goiás, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo).

The genus (Thylamys) also includes: Tate’s Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum (Thylamys tatei), Argentine Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum (Thylamys sponsorius).

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