(Somniosidae)

Sleeper Sharks

Сплячі акули

The Somniosidae are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes, commonly known as sleeper sharks. The common name “sleeper shark” comes from their slow swimming, low activity level, and perceived non-aggressive nature. They lack nictitating membrane and some species are heavily associated with Ommatokoita elongata, potentially bioluminescent parasitic copepod, permanently attached to the corneas, that frequently leave the sharks partially or completely blind.

Members of the family Somniosidae are found in Arctic to subantarctic waters, on cold-water continental shelves and continental slopes, and in temperate and tropical waters.

Sleeper sharks are opportunistic scavengers and apex predators and consume a wide variety of prey ranging from bottom-dwelling fish to colossal squid.

 

Somniosus microcephalus

(Somniosus microcephalus)

Greenland Shark

Акула гренландська

Total length: 4–6.4 m.
Weight: <1,023 kg.

It is widely distributed in the polar latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, including the northern Atlantic Ocean, the Barents Sea, and the White Sea, sometimes entering the Kara Sea. Off Greenland, it is found along the shores and in the deep fjords of the northern part of the island. It inhabits depths of 200–900 m and undertakes long-distance migrations.

Somniosus pacificus

(Somniosus pacificus)

Pacific Sleeper Shark

Полярна акула тихоокеанська

Total length: 3.65–7 m.
Weight: 318–888 kg.

It is found in the North Pacific on continental shelves and slopes in Arctic and temperate waters between latitudes 70°N and 22°N and in at least two places in the western tropical Pacific near Palau and the Solomon Islands, from the surface to 2,000 m.

Somniosus antarcticus

(Somniosus antarcticus)

Southern Sleeper Shark

Полярна акула антарктична

Total length: <4.4 m.

It is found in the southern and subantarctic extremes of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, and some northern reaches of the Antarctic oceans, at depths of 400–1,100 m.

Somniosus cheni

(Somniosus cheni)

Taiwan Sleeper Shark

Полярна акула тайванська

Total length: ≈1.34 m.

It is known only from a single adult specimen collected in the western North Pacific off Taiwan.

Somniosus longus

(Somniosus longus)

Frog Shark

Акула жаб'яча

Total length: <1.3 m.

It is found in the Pacific Ocean and has been recorded off the coasts of Japan and New Zealand, and possibly near Salas y Gómez and the Nazca Ridge, at depths of 120–1,116 m.

Somniosus rostratus

(Somniosus rostratus)

Little Sleeper Shark

Полярна акула мала

Total length: <1.43 m.

It is found in subtropical and temperate waters of the eastern Atlantic, from Portugal to Western Sahara, and in the western Mediterranean Sea off Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Spain, France, and Italy, at depths of 200–1,000 m.

Centroscymnus coelolepis

(Centroscymnus coelolepis)

Portuguese Dogfish

Акула португальська

Total length: 0.9–1 m.

It is found in the western Atlantic from the Grand Banks of Newfoundland to Delaware, and in the eastern Atlantic from Iceland to Sierra Leone, including the western Mediterranean Sea, the Azores, Madeira, and from southern Namibia to western South Africa. In the Indian Ocean, it occurs off the Seychelles, and in the Pacific off Japan, New Zealand, and southern Australia, including Tasmania. It occurs at depths of 150–3,675 m.

Centroscymnus owstonii

(Centroscymnus owstonii)

Owston's Dogfish

Оксамитова акула грубошкіра

Total length: <1.2 m.

It is found throughout the western and eastern Indian Ocean, the south-central Atlantic Ocean, and the South Pacific Ocean. It inhabits continental shelves in tropical, subtropical, and temperate seas at depths of 100–1,500 m.

Centroselachus crepidater

(Centroselachus crepidater)

Longnose Velvet Dogfish

Оксамитова акула довгоноса

Total length: <1.3 m.

It is widely distributed in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Iceland to Namibia. It also occurs in the waters of Australia and New Zealand, and off the coast of Chile. In the Indian Ocean, it is found in small, isolated areas around Aldabra Atoll in the Mozambique Channel and along the Malabar Coast of southern India. It occurs at depths of 230–1,500 m.

Scymnodalatias albicauda

(Scymnodalatias albicauda)

Whitetail Dogfish

Безхребетна оксамитова акула білохвоста

Total length: <1.1 m.

It is found from the eastern Indian Ocean around southern Australia to New Zealand, at depths of 150–500 m.

Scymnodalatias garricki

(Scymnodalatias garricki)

Azores Dogfish

Безхребетна оксамитова акула азорська

Total length: <1 m.

It inhabits the waters around the Azores, in the central Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, at depths of 300–1,500 m.

Scymnodalatias sherwoodi

(Scymnodalatias sherwoodi)

Sherwood's Dogfish

Безхребетна оксамитова акула Шервуда

Total length: 1–1.2 m.

It is found off the east coast of New Zealand’s South Island, at depths of 300–500 m.

The genus (Scymnodalatias) also includes: Sparsetooth Dogfish (Scymnodalatias oligodon).

Scymnodon ichiharai

(Scymnodon ichiharai)

Japanese Velvet Dogfish

Великозуба оксамитова акула японська

Total length: <1.4 m.

It is found in the northwest Pacific from Suruga Bay and adjacent waters of Japan at depths of  500–800 m.

Scymnodon macracanthus

(Scymnodon macracanthus)

Largespine Velvet Dogfish

Оксамитова акула довгошипа

Total length: <68 cm.

It is found on the lower continental slopes between latitudes 50°S and 54°S in the south-eastern Pacific Ocean from the Straits of Magellan, and the south-western Pacific from New Zealand, at depths of 650–920 m.

Scymnodon ringens

(Scymnodon ringens)

Knifetooth Dogfish

Колюча акула шаблезуба

Total length: <1.1 m.

It is found in the eastern Atlantic, from Scotland to Spain, Portugal, and Senegal, and the south-western Pacific from New Zealand, between latitudes 58°N and 15°N, at depths of 200–1,600 m.

Zameus squamulosus

(Zameus squamulosus)

Velvet Dogfish

Оксамитова акула малозуба

Total length: 24.5–84 cm.

It is found in latitudes between 64°N and 48°S within the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean, at depths of 200–2,000 m.

Dogfish Sharks Dogfish Sharks
Sleeper Sharks Sleeper Sharks
Rough Sharks Rough Sharks
Lantern Sharks Lantern Sharks
Kitefin Sharks Kitefin Sharks
Gulper Sharks Gulper Sharks